Summary

Despite the fact that the nexus approach to policy planning and opportunities in the MENA region are fairly different, but the priorities in various countries are very similar. For instance, due to its climate conditions and availability of land, Jordan is considered more ready to use solar energy. Such opportunities could present entry points for the countries to mainstream WEF nexus approach. In terms of the level of progress made in degree of WEF nexus mainstreaming amongst the focus countries, it is rather different. Whereby, some countries are actively seeking more integrated policies, arising from different needs or drivers, while others are still lagging behind with no clear vision for integrated policies. Existing strategies in the MENA region both on national and regional levels should be revisited and modified to have a more integrated approach. In addition, further efforts are needed to ensure proper implementation of the few existing strategies that are already integrated. A “nexus” approach should be considered as guidance to the design of any project, in particular the conceptual stages while looking for possible “integrated” alternatives for what is currently being proposed. The nexus approach is not only about reducing tradeoffs and improving efficiencies between the different sectors it asks for a complete rethinking of the purpose of the project and how it contributes to resource security in general. The following concepts are common requirements if advanced nexus will be implemented: • Conducting a baseline assessment of the WEF sectors. Accounting for water is a key issue that private sector should consider. Water must be valued, and risks of water scarcity quantified and incorporated into financial modeling for all businesses and industries. • Exploring alternative uses for treated wastewater (including in urban areas) and working on treated wastewater quality assurance. • Enhancing exchange of data and improved monitoring data is key for the implantation of WEF nexus. • Increasing the awareness of local communities and stakeholders such as farmers in order to increase social acceptance and buy in. A participatory approach and increasing accountability could be drivers to a behavioral change towards unconventional methods of applying the nexus. • Private-Public partnerships with social equity provisions could help in advancing the implementation of the nexus and mobilizing resources towards its financing. • Identifying, studying, proposing, and promoting regional water-energy-food nexus projects and areas of cooperation that have significant mutual economic and social benefits to each party. Such initiatives will increase the rate of cooperation and constructive dialogue in the region, thus building confidence and trust. Furthermore, regional mega projects should also be considered such as desalination, large-scale conveyance, cross-border renewable energy generation, and large-scale irrigation efficiency initiatives. Mega projects would require high levels of trust among country partners to commence. However, once initiated, they would act as a long-lasting bond between countries and a cause for continuous cooperation and collaboration.